Sweet pranajiwa (Sterculia javanica R. Br) seed extract increases spermatogenesis and sexual behavior in mice (Mus musculus)

Background: As regards the increasing number of infertility cases in male, it induces them to use various kinds of medicine include alternative medicine. Some drugs that improve the sexual behavior previously have been approved for several years. Especially for pranajiwa seed extract, its sexual effect had not been tested previously. Aim: This study was designed to show a botanical product named: pranajiwa seed widely used as an aphrodisiac, could increases spermatogenesis and sexual behavior Methods: The design of this experimental research is a randomized pre-posttest control group design. Data were collected from 44 mice divided into 4 groups: the first is the control group, the second group is 2.5% Pranajiwa seed extract, the third group contains 5% sweet Pranajiwa seed extract and the last is treated with 10% Pranajiwa seed extract. Results: Sweet Pranajiwa seed extract, in different concentration 2.5%, 5% and 10% respectively, which is given every day for 35 days could increase the spermatogenesis, frequency of mounting and intromission, and there was a decrease of time for mounting and intromission. Conclusion: All of pranajiwa seed extract concentration were significantly increase spermatogenesis and sexual behavior instead of control group (p<0.05). 

The principle of non-pharmacologic management of osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem in the elderly population and has very significant effect toward the daily activity of the elderly. The incidence and prevalent of OA is expected to increase in the upcoming decade with the doubling of the aging population. The management of OA could be classified into surgical and non-surgical with the latter could be further divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Despite a wide array of publications discussing about surgical and pharmacological intervention of OA, there are still little references about its non-pharmacological intervention. Aim: Thus, the aim of this review is to describe about the non-pharmacological rehabilitative management of OA which is considered as more applicable with less side effect compared to surgical or pharmacological intervention. Conclusion: Hopefully, the information would be helpful in constructing a more comprehensive approach toward OA patient especially in elderly.

The early onset of Chronic Kidney Disease stage five in 11 years old boy with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease due to PKD-1 mutation

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease. Only a few renal cysts are detected in most affected individuals before 30 years of ages and only 2% of patients with ADPKD present with early clinical manifestations before 15 years old. The average age at onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was 50 years. ADPKD is caused by mutations in one of two genes, PKD 1 and PKD 2. PKD1 was associated with more severe disease than PKD2, with earlier age at diagnosis, higher number of kidney cysts, the earlier onset of hypertension and faster progression to CKD stage five.  

Objective: To describe of the factors that caused early onset of CKD stage five in ADPKD.

Case: An 11 years old boy diagnosed with CKD stage 5 caused by ADPKD with urinary tract infection. The patient complaint with fatigue, pale, fever, flank pain and cloudy urine. The grandfather got the renal failure history and aunty got hypertension since she was young. The parents of patient have consanguinous mating. In the physical examination has been found hypertension grade 1. The laboratory test has been shown decrease of glomerular filtration rate, anemia, imbalance electrolite and metabolic acidosis. Urine investigation  with leucosituria and positive E. Colli. Ultrasonography  and CT stonography showed bilateral multiple cysts in the kidneys with left kidney enlargement. His parents also got multiple cysts in both of kidneys with the normal size of kidneys. Gene analysis showed homozygous for missense mutations 11734insC, in exon 43 of the PKD 1 gene. The patient got regular hemodialysis and other supportive therapy.