Tumpeng and penek are important facilities on making of banten according to Hinduism in Bali. The use of tumpeng and penek on banten strongly associated with the believing on Tri Rnam and Panca Yadnya which based on the local wisdom of Tri Hita Karana, where its use continuously and in line with the implementation of religious ceremonies. The necessity of tumpeng and penek is constantly increases then it needs more effective and efficient in the creation, in order to fulfill the market demand. Tumpeng and penek making process is now done by home industry. Although by home industry, but the production process is still done on the floor with no ergonomic body posture and the drying process is done by a dryer without heat insulation that effects to the woman employees. These conditions affect the working capacity and energy efficiency of the fuel of dryer. Based on the above problems it is necessary to study the synergy of ergonomics and mechanical systems which in this case is expressed as synergy ergo-mechanical systems by ergonomically synergy between the employees and the mechanical system of the dryer in order to increasing labor productivity and efficiency. This is done by redesigning the work system and dryer system that aims to increasing working capacity by reducing workload, decreasing complaints of musculoskeletal, decreasing in fatigue, increasing of comfort, improving energy efficiency of fuel. Research experiments conducted within subject design by involving 15 respondents that randomly selected, all of whom studied in 2 (two) periods, Period I and Period II. Period I is the period prior to the application of synergy ergo-mechanical system, and the second period is the period after the application done of synergy ergo-mechanical system. Each carried in three days period, with washing out of 2 days and 5 days of adaptation. Data were analyzed with descriptive and test for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk. Different test has been done when the data were normally distributed with a t-paired, unless analyzed by the nonparametric Wilcoxon test with the significant-degree of about 5%. The results showed that of about 21.90% reduction occurred in workload, musculoskeletal complaints of about 15.10%, about 22.23% of fatigue, increasing employee comfort of about 59.18%, and fuel efficiency of dryer of about 13.29%. It concluded that synergy of ergo-mechanical system applications improves energy efficiency of dryer fuel and work capacity of industry women employees of banten facility at Blahbatuh Gianyar Bali.

Pitra yadnya is the the ceremonies as a holy sacrifice performed by Hindu followers as a manifestation of devotion to parents who have died. So everyone who believe on Hinduism, especially, in Bali will perform cremation ceremonies which called ngaben. In this ceremony required some form of offerings and it is quite a lot. During process of making the offerings involved many people. In the process of making cremation offerings involving physical and mental activity, in an integrated manner can cause fatigue. that fatigue usually occurs at the end of working hours caused by various factors, such as monotony, static muscle work, tools and working facilities that do not fit the worker’s anthropometry, work station that is not ergonomically sound, forced attitude and work-break timing is not right , and muscle complaints; therefore, it is needed ergonomic intervention.There are four issues: 1) Is ergonomic intervention while preparing the offerings for ngaben pranawa improves the efficiency of the worker seen from the decrease of fatigue? 2 ) Is ergonomic intervention while preparing the offerings for ngaben pranawa improves the efficiency of worker seen from the decrease in musculoskeletal complaints? 3) Is ergonomic intervention while preparing the offerings for ngaben pranawa improves efficiency of worker seen from the decrease in the workload? 4) Is ergonomic intervention while preparing the offerings for ngaben pranawa improves efficiency of worker seen from productivity? A study with the same subject design was carried out on 18 person adult female Balinese. In the first period of study the subject preparing the offerings with the existing working condition, while in the second period an ergonomic intervention was introduced, using tables and working chairs, and guidance book in preparing the same offerings. Based on the results of research and discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn. 1) Ergonomics intervention in the process of making offerings for ngaben pranawa improved work efficiency seen from the decreased in fatigue, that is equal to 36.24% (p <0.005). 2) Decrease musculoskeletal complaints, amounting to 37.98% (p <0.005). 3) Decreased the workload. that is equal to 13.22% (p <0.005), and 4) Increased work efficiency viewed from the offering makers productivity, namely by 78% (p <0.005). Ergonomic interventions proven to reduce fatigue, musculoskeletal complaints decreased workload, and can increased work productivity. Therefore, it is advisable to apply the ergonomic intervention at the cremation offerings and another religious ceremonies. Benefit of ergonomics intervention in this study was the participation and collaboration, a commitment from all parties, and the interaction between the participant of making offerings, and ergonomics intervention can improve efficiency in the process of making offerings for cremate ceremony
in Denpasar city.

Kidney fibrosis including glomerulosclerosis (GS) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) or tubular atrophy (TA)may be a predictor of kidney dysfunction. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) isa common laboratory examination to estimate the kidney function. The aim of this research is to determine relationship between histologic features namely glomerulosclerosis (GS) and tubular atrophy (TA),and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in kidney stone disease.

A cross-sectional study in a total of the 63 patients with kidney stone consistedof  25 (39.7 %) males and  38 (60.3 %) females, aged (51 ± 11 years), BUN 16 (8-62) mg/dl, serum creatinine 1.26 ( 0.47- 6.76 ) mg/dl and eGFR 61.4 ± 32.1 ml/min. Histologic features showed GS index 6 (0-30) and TA index 892 ± 333. There was significant correlation between eGFR and GS index dan TA index(r -0,577; p=0.001 and 0,514;p = 0,001, consecutively). Multivariate regresion equations were eLFG = 67,21 -1.63 (GS index) and eLFG = 67,21 + 0,01 (TA index).

Estimated GFR may be used as a marker of glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy in obstructive nephropathy of kidney stone patients.